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F!M   LIBRARY 


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SPRING  AND  EARLY  SUMMED 
WILD  FLOWERS  =§ 


Published  by 
FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 

CHICAGO 

1924 


CO 


oc 


This  is  the  second  of  a  number  of  Field  Museum 
leaflets  describing  some  of  the  more  interesting  wild 
flowers  of  the  Chicago  region.  The  first  leaflet  of  this 
series  is  entitled*  "Spring  Wild  Flowers",  and  a  third 
illustrates  the  summer  wild  flowers. 

LIST  OF  BOTANICAL  LEAFLETS  ISSUED  TO  DATE 

No.  1.  Figs     . $  .10 

No.  2.  The  Coco  Palm 10 

No.  3.  Wheat 10 

No.  4.  Cacao        10 

No.  5.  A  Fossil  Flower 10 

No.  6.  The  Cannon  Ball  Tree  (in  preparation )    .     .     .        .10 

No.  7.  Spring  Wild  Flowers .        .25 

No.  8.  Spring  and  Early  Summer  Wild  Flowers      .     .         .25 

No.  9.  Summer  Wild  Flowers 25 

No.  10.  Autumn  Flowers  and  Fruits 25 

D.  C.   DA  VIES 

DIRECTOR 

FIELD  MUSEUM  OF  NATURAL  HISTORY 
CHICAGO,  U.  S.  A. 


Field  Museum  of  Natural  History 

DEPARTMENT  OF  BOTANY 
Chicago,  1924 

Leaflet  Number  8 


SPRING  AND  EARLY  SUMMER 
WILD  FLOWERS 


BLUE  FLAG.     IRIS 

(Iris  versicolor) 

In  everything  but  size  the  Blue  Flag  of  sunny- 
swamps  and  open  river-lands  bears  a  close  resemblance 
to  the  well-known  garden  plant.  It  has  the  same 
sword-shaped  erect  leaves,  and  the  same  type  of 
flowers.  Three  outer  segments  of  the  blossom  are 
violet-blue,  variegated  toward  the  base  with  green, 
white  and  yellow.  The  inner  portion  of  the  flower 
consists  of  three  narrower  parts,  more  erect  and  often 
lighter  in  color. 

The  Fleur-de-lis  is  the  emblem  of  France.  (Iris 
Family) 


[33] 


Field  Museum  of  Natural  History 


SPIDERWORT.     TRADESCANTIA 
(Tradescantia  species) 

The  Virginia  Spiderwort  shown  in  the  picture, 
although  a  native  of  the  eastern  states,  has  escaped 
from  gardens  to  grow  commonly  in  moist  fields  and 
thickets  as  a  native  plant.  It  is  a  tall  smooth  herb  with 
very  long,  narrow  and  long-pointed  leaves  that  are 
more  or  less  grooved  down  the  center.  The  handsome 
blue  blossoms  are  in  clusters  at  the  top  of  the  stems 
and  from  day  to  day  open  one  at  a  time.  Sometimes  it 
is  called  "Widow's  Tears"  in  allusion  to  the  thin  jelly 
into  which  the  blue  flowers  seem  to  dissolve  after  their 
brief  opening  during  the  morning  hours. 

The  Day-flower  is  a  similar  plant.  It  has  strag- 
gling stems,  shorter  leaves,  and  the  buds  are  inclosed 
in  a  heart-shaped  sheath  or  spathe. 

The  Latin  name  is  in  memory  of  John  Tradescant, 
who  was  the  gardener  to  Charles  the  First  of  England. 
The  Wandering  Jew,  the  common  pot  plant,  is  a  small- 
flowered  kind  of  Tradescantia.     (Spiderwort  Family) 

[34] 


Spring  and  Early  Summer  Wild  Flowers 


BELLWORT.    UVULARIA 

(Uvularia  species) 
The  lily-like  yellowish  flowers  that  hang  singly 
like  slender  bells  identify  the  Bellwort  of  rich  woods. 
Its  few  blossoms  are  borne  near  or  at  the  top  of  the 
slender  stem  among  the  thin,  often  more  or  less  folded 
leaves.  The  leaf-bases  encircle  the  stem  which  is 
forked  at  some  distance  above  the  ground.  Below  the 
fork  it  is  nearly  leafless.     (Lily  Family) 

[36] 


Field  Museum  of  Natural  History 


SOLOMON'S  SEAL 

(Polygonatum  species) 

The  Solomon's  Seal  of  woodlands  is  well  marked 
by  its  small  greenish-yellow  flowers  that  are  borne  on 
delicate  drooping  stalks  at  the  base  of  each  leaf.  The 
stems,  which  are  leafy  only  above,  are  a  foot  to  several 
feet  high.  They  rise  at  intervals  from  creeping, 
knotted  or  jointed  rootstocks  which  bear  the  prom- 
inent scars  or  "seals"  of  the  stalks  of  former  years. 

There  are  two  species  of  Solomon's  Seal,  the  Small 
or  Hairy  and  the  Great  or  Smooth  variety.  Besides 
other  differences,  the  former  has  some  fine  hairs  on  the 
under  leaf-surfaces  that  are  entirely  lacking  on  the 
foliage  of  the  smooth  species.     (Lily  Family) 

[E6] 


Spring  and  Early  Summer  Wild  Flowers 


BLUE-EYED  GRASS 
(Sisyrinchium  species) 

There  is  no  prettier  sight  in  a  meadow  than  a 
patch  of  Blue-eyed  Grass.  It  is  a  neat,  usually  erect 
stiff-stemmed  little  plant  sometimes  only  a  few  inches 
high,  at  other  times  taller  than  the  surrounding 
grasses.     Its  leaves  and  stems  are  very  slender. 

The  buds  are  enclosed  at  the  top  of  the  stem  in 
a  very  narrow,  green,  sheath-like  leaf  or  spathe,  that 
is  open  down  one  side.  From  this  opening,  one  blos- 
som at  a  time  spreads  its  blue  petals  and  lasts  only 
for  a  day.  If  the  sky  is  overcast,  the  flower  awaits 
the  sun  before  it  opens.  Often  the  spathe  terminates 
in  a  pointed  tip  that  overtops  the  flower.   (Iris  Fam.) 

[37] 


Field  Museum  of  Natural  History 


SPRING  ORCHIS.     SHOWY  ORCHIS 

(Orchis  spectabilis) 
The  several  showy  violet-purple  and  white  flowers 
of  this  native  orchid  are  borne  near  the  top  of  the  low 
angled  stem  in  a  loose  and  lengthened  cluster  or 
raceme.  There  is  a  narrow  pointed  leaf  at  the  base 
of  each  flower,  but  the  broad  principal  leaves  are  only 
two,  and  rise  from  the  ground  at  the  base  of  the 
flower-stalk. 

The  Spring  Orchis  of  rich  woods  is  well-termed 
"Showy,"  for  its  flowers  are  about  an  inch  long  and 
generally  two-colored,  the  lower  part  or  "lip"  of  the 
violet-toned  blossom  being  ordinarily  white.  (Orchid 
Family) 

[38] 


Spring  and  Early  Summer  Wild  Flowers 


POGONIA.     SNAKEMOUTH 
(Pogonia  ophioglossoides) 

Often  hidden  deep  in  a  bog  or  low  meadow,  but 
well  worth  the  seeking,  the  Pogonia  raises  its  solitary 
fragrant  orchid-flower  on  a  slender  stem  about  a  foot 
high.  The  flower  is  of  a  pale  rose-color  except  for  the 
crested  and  bearded  yellow  or  white  lip.  There  is 
rarely  more  than  one  blossom  to  a  stem.  At  about  the 
middle  of  the  stalk  there  is  one  lance-shaped  leaf 
(sometimes  two)  and  another  smaller  leaf  or  bract  at 
the  base  of  the  flower.     (Orchid  Family) 

[39] 


Field  Museum  of  Natural  History 


BUTTERCUP.     CROWFOOT 
(Ranunculus  species) 

There  are  many  species  of  Buttercups,  always 
recognizable  by  their  waxy,  yellow  petals  arranged  to 
form  a  cup  in  the  center  of  which  are  many  stamens. 
Usually  the  leaves  are  deeply  parted  into  wedge- 
shaped  or  narrower  divisions.  The  stems  may  be  lax 
or  quite  erect. 

The  species  illustrated  is  the  Swamp  Buttercup, 
one  of  the  most  showy  species,  its  golden  flowers 
measuring  an  inch  or  more  in  diameter.  The  large 
leaves,  borne  on  long  stalks,  are  three-parted  and  the 
divisions  also  are  cleft  or  divided.  With  age  the 
hollow  stems  of  this  species  may  partially  lie  on  the 
ground  when  they  root  at  the  joints.  The  Hispid  or 
Meadow  Buttercup  is  also  common;  the  three  leaf- 
divisions  are  merely  toothed  along  their  edges  and  its 
stems  are  never  trailing. 

There  are  many  traditions  relating  to  this  plant. 
Children  hold  a  flower  under  a  playmate's  chin,  a  yel- 
low shadow  proving  a  fondness  for  butter.  (Crow- 
foot Family) 

[40] 


Spring  and  Early  Summer  Wild  Flowers  9 


MEADOW  RUE 
(Thalictrum  species) 
The  Meadow  Rue  of  rocky  woods,  brook  margins 
or  wet  meadows  is  distinguished  as  much  for  the  fern- 
like delicacy  of  its  fine  foliage  as  for  its  graceful 
flowers.  These  are  borne  in  loose  sprays  and  are 
abundant  but  have  no  brightly  colored  petals  to  make 
them  showy.  They  consist  only  of  drooping  or  erect 
clusters  of  greenish-yellow,  white,  or  purplish  filament- 
like stamens.  At  their  base  there  may  be  four  to  five 
tiny  green  or  colored  sepals. 

The  stems  of  this  perennial  are  a  foot  to  several 
feet  high  and  bear  only  a  few,  but  large,  leaves  which 
are  made  up  of  many  leaflets  arranged  in  threes.  Each 
leaflet  is  on  a  tiny  stalk  of  its  own.    (Crowfoot  Family) 

[41] 


10 


Field  Museum  of  Natural  History 


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Courtesy  Frank  M.  Woodruff,  Curator,  The  Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences. 


MITERWORT.  BISHOP'S  CAP 
(Mitella  dvphylla) 
The  Bishop's  Cap  of  rich  woods  has  about  a  dozen 
tiny  bell-shaped  white  flowers  placed  at  rather  distant 
intervals  for  several  inches  along  the  upper  portion  of 
a  slender  stalk.  This  flowering-stem  bears  a  single 
pair  of  heart-shaped  leaves  near  its  middle  and  just 
below  the  first  flower.  The  other  leaves,  also  heart- 
shaped  and  with  toothed  edges,  are  at  the  base  of  the 
plant  which  seldom  exceeds  a  foot  in  height. 

[42] 


Spring  and  Early  Summer  Wild  Flowers  11 


PITCHER  PLANT.     HUNTSMAN'S  CUP 
(Sarracenia  purpurea) 

The  odd  purplish-veined  leaves  of  this  peat-bog 
plant  are  funnel-shaped  pitchers  with  a  rounded  arch- 
ing hood  at  the  opening  and  a  wing-like  flange  down 
one  side.  They  are  usually  partly  filled  with  water. 
Often  they  also  contain  drowned  insects  which  have 
been  unable  to  crawl  out  because  of  the  downward- 
pointed  bristles  lining  the  inner  surface  of  the  hood. 

[43] 


12 


Field  Museum  of  Natural  History 


WILD  STRAWBERRY 

(Fragaria  virginica) 

Nearly  everyone  knows  the  wild  strawberry  or 

recognizes  it  when  first  encountered  in  the  open  woods 

and   fields,   for  both   in   flower  and   fruit  it  closely 

resembles  the  cultivated  plant. 

In  our  common  variety  the  white  flowers  are 
borne  in  small  clusters  on  a  stalk,  usually  erect  and 
shorter  than  the  leaves.  Its  berry  is  considered  by 
many  to  be  of  finer  flavor  than  that  of  any  domesti- 
cated sort.  Izaak  Walton,  the  famous  fisherman,  prob- 
ably referred  to  the  wild  strawberry  when  he  quoted 
his  Dr.  Boteler:  "Doubtless  God  could  have  made  a 
better  berry,  but  doubtless  God  never  did."  (Rose 
Fam.) 

[44] 


Spring  and  Early  Summer  Wild  Flowers 


IS 


WILD  ROSE 
(Rosa  species) 
The  wild  rose,  native  to  all  temperate  regions,  has 
been  cultivated  since  time  immemorial  and  from  it 
have  been  developed  the  innumerable  garden  kinds. 
Several  states,  including  Iowa,  have  adopted  the  wild 
rose  as  the  state  flower.  There  are  many  native 
species. 

The  Smooth  or  Meadow  Rose  that  frequents  moist 
rocky  places  is  a  low  (2-4  ft.)  bush  with  few  or  no 
prickles  on  the  stems.  After  the  petals  fall  the  green 
sepals  stand  erect  on  the  top  of  the  "haw"  or  "hip". 

The  Swamp  Rose  of  wet  places  is  usually  a  taller 
shrub  with  stout  recurved  spines.  The  sepals  spread 
and  fall  off  long  before  the  fruit  develops. 

Another  common  species  is  the  Pasture  Rose  of 
dry  or  rocky  places.  Its  leaves  are  more  coarsely 
toothed  along  the  edges  than  those  of  the  Swamp  Rose 
and  the  spines  are  usually  more  slender  and  less 
strongly  curved.     (Rose  Family) 

[46] 


14  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History 


HAWTHORNE.     HAW 
{Crataegus  species) 

The  usually  very  thorny  branches  of  this  common 
shrub  or  small  tree  are  characteristic.  Sometimes  the 
spines  are  nearly  as  sharp  as  needles.  It  is  handsome 
when  covered  in  the  spring  by  the  clusters  of  white 
flowers,  small  but  rose-like  in  form,  and  often  pro- 
duced in  such  abundance  that  they  seem  to  whiten  the 
bush.  Each  blossom  is  composed  of  five  roundish 
petals  surrounding  five  to  many  stamens.  The  leaves 
are  more  or  less  toothed  or  lobed,  or  sometimes,  as  in 
a  commonly  cultivated  species,  cleft. 

The  Hawthorne  is  a  relative  of  the  Crab  Apple. 
The  red  or  yellow  (rarely  black)  fruits  are  like  minia- 
ture apples.  They  have  the  same  "blossom-end"  with 
the  dry  sepals  attached.  The  fleshy  apple-like  pulp 
enclosing  the  seeds  is  often  eaten  by  children.  (Rose 
Family) 


f  46] 


Spring  and  Early  Summer  Wild  Flowers  15 


[47] 


16 


Field  Museum  of  Natural  History 


LUPINE.     SUN-DIAL 

(Lupinus  perennis) 
The  Lupine  is  known  as  much  for  the  color  it 
gives  to  open  sandy  slopes  as  for  the  beauty  of  the 
individual  plants.  It  is  a  perennial  herb,  a  foot  or  two 
high,  with  several  leafy  stems  each  of  which  termin- 
ates in  a  long  wand  or  raceme  of  showy  but  rather 
small  pea-shaped  flowers.  The  leaves  are  divided  into 
7-10  parts  which  spread  from  a  common  center  like 
the  spokes  of  a  wheel. 

A  Lupine,  the  "Bluebonnet"  is  the  state  flower  of 
Texas.     (Pea  Family) 

[48] 


■*^g. 


^ 


Spring  and  Early  Summer  Wild  Flowers 


17 


POLYGALA.     MILKWORT 
(Polygala  species) 

The  Field  or  Purple  Milkwort  has  rose-purple 
(or  green)  flowers  in  compact  clover-like  heads. 

The  best  known  species  of  Polygala  is  called 
Senega  Snakeroot.  It  is  a  perennial  of  rocky  soils 
with  small  white  pea-like  flowers  forming  a  "spike." 
The  hard  knotty  roots  send  up  a  cluster  of  stems 
about  a  foot  high,  rather  densely  clothed  with  lance- 
shaped  rough-margined  leaves. 

The  Fringed  Milkwort,  or  the  "Flowering  Win- 
tergreen"  is  quite  different.  Its  large  pea-like  flowers 
occur  singly  in  the  axils  of  the  clustered  upper  leaves. 
(Milkwort  Family) 

[49] 


18 


Field  Museum  of  Natural  History 


Courtesy  Frank  M.  Woodruff,  Curator,  The  Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences. 


CEANOTHUS.     NEW   JERSEY   TEA 
(Ceanothus  species) 

This  low  (1-3  ft.)  shrub  of  sandy  or  rocky  slopes 
bears  a  profusion  of  tiny  white  flowers  in  pretty 
clusters  at  the  tips  of  the  new  branchlets.  The  leaves 
of  an  eastern  species  are  said  to  have  been  used  for 
tea  during  the  American  Revolution. 

A  number  of  kinds  of  Ceanothus  are  ornamental 
shrubs.     (Buckthorn  Family) 

[50] 


Spring  and  Early  Summer  Wild  Flowers 


19 


GOLDEN  ALEXANDERS.     EARLY  MEADOW 

PARSNIP 

(Zizia  aurea) 

A    weedy    but    showy    plant    of    meadows    and 

swamps,  this  perennial  herb  is  readily  recognized  by 

its  small  golden-yellow  flowers.     These  are  borne  in 

clusters  at  the  tips  of  short  stalks  which  radiate  from 

the  top  of  the  stem  like  the  ribs  of  an  umbrella.    The 

leaves  are  much  divided  into  many  roundish,  toothed 

and  long-pointed  leaflets;  the  smooth  stems  are  a  foot 

high  or  more.     (Parsley  Family) 

[51] 


20 


Field  Museum  of  Natural  History 


SPOTTED  WINTERGREEN  and  PIPSISSEWA 
(Chimaphila  species) 

Among  the  plants  that  grow  in  dry  woods  none 
are  more  easily  known  than  the  Spotted  Wintergreen 
and  Pipsissewa.  They  are  distinctive  because  of  their 
thick  shining  leaves  arranged  in  irregular  circles  on 
the  low  stem.  The  disk-like  flowers  are  near  the  top 
of  the  flower-stalk,  which  rises  a  short  distance  above 
the  leaves. 

The  leaves  of  the  Spotted  Wintergreen  have  light- 
colored  markings  on  their  upper  surfaces;  the  flowers 
are  white.  The  Pipsissewa,  or  Prince's  Pine,  as  it  is 
also  called,  has  pink  flowers  and  green  leaves. 

The  flavor  Wintergreen  is  derived  from  a  related 
plant.     (Heath  Family) 

[52] 


Spring  and  Early  Summer  Wild  Flowers 


21 


Courtesy  Frank  M.  Woodruff,  Curator,  The  Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences. 


INDIAN  PIPE.     CANCER-ROOT 
(Orobanche  species) 

This  plant  has  no  green  leaves.  Its  slender  white 
or  brownish  flowering  stalks  rise  from  a  scaly,  more 
or  less  subterranean  stem.  The  similarly  colored  tube- 
or  bell-like  flowers  are  five-lobed  at  the  flaring  open 
end. 

The  Indian  Pipe  is  a  root-parasite,  i.e.  it  is  a  plant 
that  lives  on  others  by  obtaining  its  nourishment 
directly  from  their  roots.  It,  therefore,  does  not 
require  leaves  for  the  manufacture  of  its  own  food. 
(Broomrape  Family) 

[53] 


22 


Field  Museum  of  Natural  History 


.41 

'•C *      ,  "     » 

PENTSTEMON.  SMOOTH  BEARD  TONGUE 

(Pentstemon  laevigatus) 
A  relative  of  the  Snapdragon  and  the  Foxglove 
of  gardens,  the  Pentstemon  also  has  tubular  flowers, 
flaring  or  dilated  at  the  throat  and  somewhat  two- 
lipped  at  the  opening.  There  are  a  number  of  species, 
all  perennials  with  opposite  leaves. 

The  Smooth  Beard  Tongue  of  fields  and  thickets 
has  rather  narrow,  smooth  leaves,  broadened  at  the 
base;  the  "tongue",  i.e.  the  sterile  filament  contained 
within  the  white  or  purplish  flower,  is  only  slightly 
bearded.     (Figwort  Family) 

[54] 


Spring  and  Early  Summer  Wild  Flowers 


23 


WOOD  BETONY.  LOUSEWORT 
(Pedicularis  canadensis) 
No  other  plant  of  dryish  woods  and  thickets  can 
be  mistaken  for  the  Wood  Betony.  It  is  readily  dis- 
tinguished by  its  head-like  clusters  of  brownish-yellow 
two-lipped  flowers  that  terminate  the  hairy,  leafy 
stems  and  by  its  narrow,  deeply  scalloped  or  lobed 
leaves.  Usually  several  stems,  a  foot  high,  more  or 
less,  rise  together  from  the  perennial  root.  The  upper 
and  arching  part  of  the  flower  curves  over  the  lower 
and  spreading  "lip."     (Figwort  Family) 

[55] 


24 


Field  Museum  of  Natural  History 


Courtesy  Frank  M.  Woodruff,  Curator,  The  Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences. 


INDIAN  PAINT  BRUSH.     PAINTED  CUP 
(Castilleja  species) 

Some  of  the  leaves  of  this  slender  herb  are 
crowded  together  at  the  top  of  the  stem  and  colored 
brightly  with  red  or  yellow  so  that  they  form  a 
"painted  cup",  or  suggest  a  brush  that  has  been  dipped 
in  a  paint-pot.  The  flowers  are  comparatively  incon- 
spicuous* slender  tubes,  with  two  lips  and  are  more  or 
less  hidden  among  these  gayly  colored  leaves. 

The  Indian  Paint  Brush  is  usually  a  plant  of  open 
places.  There  are  many  species,  all  of  which  are 
showy.  The  Narrow-leaved  Paint  Brush  is  the  state 
flower  of  Wyoming.      (Figwort  Family) 

[56] 


Spring  and  Early  Summer  Wild  Flowers 


25 


PARTRIDGE  BERRY 

(Mitchella  repens) 
This  is  a  smooth  evergreen  herb  that  creeps  about 
the  bases  of  trees,  especially  at  the  foot  of  pines  and 
other  conifers  of  dry  woods.  Its  shining  roundish, 
dark  green  leaves  are  often  marked  with  white  lines. 
Its  white  fragrant  waxy  flowers,  borne  in  pairs,  are 
often  tinged  with  purple;  its  edible  but  nearly  taste- 
less berries  are  scarlet.  Altogether,  it  is  an  attractive 
little  plant  usually  bearing  in  the  spring  bright  fruits 
that  have  persisted  over  winter  and  dainty  tubular 
flowers  with  densely  bearded  lobes.      (Coffee  Fam.) 

[57] 


26 


Field  Museum  of  Natural  History 


VIBURNUM.     ARROW-WOOD 
(Viburnum  species) 

The  Viburnums  are  upright  shrubs  with  showy 
flat-topped  clusters  of  small  white  or  rarely  pinkish 
flowers  and  usually  roundish  leaves.  In  some  Vi- 
burnums the  flowers  around  the  edges  of  the  clusters 
are  enlarged  and  produce  no  fruit.  The  Snowball 
Bush  is  a  "freak"  species  of  cultivation,  all  of  its 
flowers  being  sterile  and  of  large  size. 

The  Maple-leaved  Arrow-wood  or  Dockmackie  of 
rocky  woods  is  pictured.      (Honey-Suckle  Family) 

[58] 


Spring  and  Early  Summer  Wild  Flowers 


27 


GOLDEN  RAGWORT.     SENECIO 
(Senecio  aureus) 

The  bright  yellow  daisy-like  flowers  of  the  Senecio 
are  in  a  loose  or  open  rather  flat-topped  cluster  at  the 
top  of  stems  which  have  most  of  their  leaves  crowded 
together  near  the  ground.  These  lower  and  roundish 
leaves  are  borne  on  long  slender  stalks ;  the  few  upper 
and  slender  leaves  are  sessile  on  the  flowering  stems. 

Another  name  for  this  plant,  "Swamp  Squawk 
Weed"  indicates  its  preference  for  wet  places  such  as 
low  meadows  and  thickets.  The  flowers  are  really 
flower-heads,  composed  of  many  tiny  flowers,  as  is  the 
case  of  the  White  Daisy  and  other  members  of  the 
Composite  or  Sun  Flower  Family. 

[59] 


28 


Field  Museum  of  Natural  History 


WHITE  DAISY.     OX-EYE  DAISY 

(Chrysanthemum  Leucanthemum) 
Daisies  belong  to  the  Composite  or  Sun  Flower 
Family,  a  group  of  plants  characterized  by  the  familiar 
flower-heads  that  are  composed  of  rays,  often  brightly 
colored,  arranged  in  a  circle  around  the  numerous  and 
tiny  disk-flowers. 

The  White  Daisy  is  a  smooth,  erect  plant  of  fields 
and  meadows.  Its  leaves  are  toothed  or  lobed  and 
taper  from  a  somewhat  egg-shaped  tip  to  a  very 
slender  stalk-like  base. 

This  plant,  although  a  native  of  Europe,  now 
grows  in  the  United  States.      (Daisy  Family) 

[60] 


Spring  and  Early  Summer  Wild  Flowers 


29 


Courtesy  Frank  M.  Woodruff,  Curator,  The  Chicago  Academy  of  Sciences. 

COREOPSIS.     TICKSEED 

(Coreopsis  lanceolata) 
An  herb  with  1-2  ft.  stems  that  branch  only  near 
the  ground  and  terminate  in  showy  yellow  flower- 
heads,  the  Coreopsis  makes  a  fine  "cut-flower".  Indeed 
it  is  often  cultivated  for  this  purpose  particularly  as 
it  grows  abundantly  with  little  care.  The  rays  or 
"petals"  of  the  Coreopsis  are  toothed  at  their  tips; 
the  stem  leaves  are  few,  much  longer  than  broad  and 
narrowed  toward  the  stalk-like  base.       (Daisy  Fam.) 

[61] 


30  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History 


This  is  the  second  of  a  number  of  Field  Museum 
leaflets  illustrating  some  of  the  more  common  or  inter- 
esting wild  flowers  of  the  Chicago  region.  The  first 
leaflet  of  this  series  is  entitled  "Spring  Wild  Flowers" 
and  a  third,  dealing  with  summer  flowers  is  in  prep- 
aration. 

J.  Francis  Macbride. 


The  photographs,  unless  otherwise  credited,  are  by  L.  W. 
Brownell  with  the  exception  of  the  Lupine  by  H.  H.  Smith  and 
the  Pitcher  Plant  from  a  reproduction  of  this  plant  in  the 
Museum. 


[62] 


